Breast Cancer Understanding Among University Students: A Rapid Review of Cross-country Comparisons
Breast Cancer Understanding Among University Students: A Rapid Review of Cross-country Comparisons Student BC understanding: rapid review
Main Article Content
Keywords
breast cancer, breast self examination, students, public health, breast cancer awareness
Abstract
Background: In alignment with the World Health Organization’s Global Breast Cancer Initiative objectives, this rapid review sought to determine the extent to which breast cancerunderstanding is being researched globally in undergraduate student populations, and review recent findings, to inform policy makers and practitioners on the baseline level of student understanding by world region.
Methods: Four academic databases were searched. 114 studies meeting the search criteria were assessed based upon Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines and comprehensiveness of coverage for the factors of interest. 33 were selected as representing quality research from all world regions producing recent research of this topic. Their findings were narratively synthesised.
Results: The majority of recent research emanates from regions with accelerating breast cancer mortality rates, corresponding with lower economic resources, primarily within Africa and Asia. Most focus on breast cancer understanding in female participants, with little data available for males or minority gender groups. Disparity between medical and non-medical student breast cancer understanding is widely reported, though breast cancer understanding is found to be inadequate for most students. Interventions to improve breast cancer understanding indicate promising results, though a lack of standardised measures, together with inadequate reporting of effect sizes, makes meta-analysis of prevailing data challenging.
Conclusion: Evidence suggests undergraduate student breast cancer understanding globally is inadequate and indicates the necessity of increased rigour in research design and reporting to facilitate reliable knowledge generation. Systematic review is recommended to widen the scope and depth of this rapid review in support of WHO targets. .
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3. Benson JR, Jatoi I. The global breast cancer burden. Future Oncol. 2012;8(6):697-702. DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.61
4. World Health Organization. The Global Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI): World Health Organization; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/the-global-breast-cancer-initiative-gbci.
5. Ginsburg O, Rositch AF, Conteh L, Mutebi M, Paskett ED, Subramanian S. Breast Cancer Disparities Among Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Current Breast Cancer Reports. 2018;10(3):179-86. DOI: 10.1007/s12609-018-0286-7
6. Hackshaw AK, Paul EA. Breast self-examination and death from breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2003;88(7):1047-53. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600847
7. Weiss NS. Breast Cancer Mortality in Relation to Clinical Breast Examination and Breast Self-Examination. The Breast Journal. 2003;9(s2):S86-S9. DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4741.9.s2.9.x
8. Albeshan SM, Hossain SZ, Mackey MG, Brennan PC. Can Breast Self-examination and Clinical Breast Examination Along With Increasing Breast Awareness Facilitate Earlier Detection of Breast Cancer in Populations With Advanced Stages at Diagnosis? Clinical Breast Cancer. 2020;20(3):194-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.001
9. Wang Y-J, Wang F, Yu L-X, Xiang Y-J, Zhou F, Huang S-Y, et al. Worldwide review with meta-analysis of women’s awareness about breast cancer. Patient Education and Counseling. 2022;105(7):1818-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.12.012
10. Hosseini MS, Arab M, Nemati Honar B, Noghabaei G, Safaei N, Ghasemi T, et al. Age - specific incidence rate change at breast Cancer and its different histopathologic subtypes in Iran and Western countries. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29(6):1354-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905388/
11. Anastasi N, Lusher J. The impact of breast cancer awareness interventions on breast screening uptake among women in the United Kingdom: A systematic review. Journal of Health Psychology. 2019;24(1):113-24. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317697812
12. Britt KL, Cuzick J, Phillips K-A. Key steps for effective breast cancer prevention. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2020;20(8):417-36. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0266-x
13. Naja F, Nasreddine L, Awada S, El Sayed Ahmad R, Hwalla N. Nutrition in the Prevention of Breast Cancer: A Middle Eastern Perspective. Frontiers in Public Health. 2019;7. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00316
14. Peacey V, Steptoe A, Davídsdóttir S, Baban A, Wardle J. Low levels of breast cancer risk awareness in young women: An international survey. European Journal of Cancer. 2006;42(15):2585-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.03.017
15. Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Awareness of breast cancer risk among female university students from 24 low, middle income and emerging economy countries. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(18):7875-8. DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7875
16. Almutairi AH, Tamrin SBBM, Wirza R, Ahmad NB. Systematic Review on Knowledge and Awareness of Breast Cancer and Risk Factors Among Young Women. Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine. 2019;7(1):7. DOI: 10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.7n.1p.41
17. Garritty C, Gartlehner G, Nussbaumer-Streit B, King VJ, Hamel C, Kamel C, et al. Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;130:13-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.007
18. Kotera Y, Lyons M, Vione KC, Norton B. Effect of Nature Walks on Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review. Sustainability. 2021;13(7):4015. DOI: 10.3390/su13074015
19. Elm Ev, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335(7624):806-8. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.AD
20. Kotera Y, Van Gordon W. Effects of Self-Compassion Training on Work-Related Well-Being: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630798
21. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71
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